How To Prevent Barn Fires in Winter: Essential Tips For Protecting Your Horse Barn

Winter is a magical season on the farm, but it also brings unique challenges, especially when it comes to fire safety. Cold temperatures mean relying on heaters, electrical systems, and unique storage needs—all of which can increase the risk of a barn fire. In this blog post, we’ll cover essential tips to help you prevent barn fires in winter, keeping your horses and property safe.
1. Inspect and Maintain Heaters Regularly
Heaters are often necessary for barn comfort, but they can also pose risks if not properly maintained. Use heaters specifically designed for barns or agricultural settings—never use household heaters. Regularly check for signs of wear, such as frayed cords or leaks, especially if the heater uses propane, kerosene, or electricity. Make sure heaters are UL-listed, have an automatic shut-off if tipped, and are placed far away from flammable materials like hay, bedding, and blankets.
2. Check Electrical Systems
Electrical issues are a leading cause of barn fires. Before winter, have a licensed electrician inspect your barn’s wiring for any problems. Look for exposed wires, outdated fixtures, or signs of animal chewing. Upgrade to LED lights that are sealed and generate less heat. Avoid overloading circuits, especially during winter when heaters are in high demand.

3. Store Hay Safely
Hay is extremely flammable, particularly if damp or improperly cured. The best practice is to store hay outside the barn in a separate, well-ventilated structure. If you must store hay inside, use a moisture probe to ensure it’s dry before stacking. Avoid storing hay tightly packed—leave gaps for airflow, and consider storing it in a loft only after it’s seasoned. This reduces the risk of spontaneous combustion.
4. Keep Combustible Items Away from Heat Sources
Flammable items like hay, bedding, and feed should always be kept at a safe distance from heat sources, including heaters, light fixtures, and outlets. Use heavy-duty, weather-resistant cords and metal cabinets for storing flammable sprays, liniments, and other chemicals.
5. Install Smoke Detectors and Fire Alarms
Invest in smoke detectors and alarms designed for barns, as they are dustproof and weather-resistant. Heat detectors, which activate at high temperatures, can be more reliable in barn environments than standard smoke detectors. Connect alarms to your home or a monitoring system, so you are alerted immediately if a fire starts.
6. Keep Water Sources Accessible in Freezing Temperatures
Having accessible water is crucial in case of fire. Ensure that hoses and hydrants are insulated to prevent freezing. Use heated water hoses or buckets to keep water flowing. Keep fire extinguishers in accessible spots throughout the barn, and make sure they are rated for both electrical and chemical fires.

7. Create a No-Smoking Policy
A no-smoking policy in and around the barn is critical. A single discarded cigarette can ignite dry hay or bedding. Post “No Smoking” signs prominently and ensure all visitors and workers are aware of the policy.
8. Keep Exits Clear and Accessible
Barn exits should always be clear and accessible. Don’t stack equipment, supplies, or hay in front of doors. Make sure all doors open freely and can be easily operated in an emergency. Establish a designated meeting area outside the barn where everyone—including horses—can gather safely if an evacuation is needed.
9. Limit the Use of Extension Cords
Extension cords are convenient but can pose fire hazards if used incorrectly. Avoid running them through walkways or stalls, and never use damaged cords. Use barn-rated, heavy-duty cords and consider having an electrician install more outlets if you’re relying on extension cords frequently.
10. Install Fire Barriers and Dividers
Consider adding fire-resistant barriers between the barn and hay storage areas. Fire-retardant walls or doors can slow the spread of a fire, giving you more time to react. Apply fire-retardant sprays to barn wood surfaces for added safety.

11. Practice Good Housekeeping
Good barn housekeeping reduces fire risks. Regularly sweep up loose hay, sawdust, and other combustibles. Keep cobwebs clear from light fixtures, fans, and outlets. Dispose of oily rags and flammable materials in safe containers to avoid spontaneous combustion.
12. Keep a Fire Emergency Kit Handy
Equip your barn with a fire emergency kit containing fire extinguishers, flashlights, bolt cutters, an emergency radio, and first-aid supplies. Keep fire extinguishers visible and accessible, and regularly check them for proper maintenance. Train staff and family members on emergency procedures, and practice fire drills with horses.
13. Consider Installing a Sprinkler System
Though costly, installing a sprinkler system can save lives and property by suppressing fires before they spread. Sprinklers designed for barns can activate quickly when temperatures rise, providing vital protection.
14. Have an Emergency Plan for Horses
Practice leading horses to safety—especially at night, when visibility is low. Keep halters and lead ropes accessible near each stall. Prepare a “grab-and-go” emergency kit with up-to-date photos of each horse, along with detailed descriptions in case you need to identify them quickly.

15. Communicate with Your Local Fire Department
Invite your local fire department to tour your barn and offer safety recommendations. Familiarizing them with your property can help them respond more effectively in an emergency. Many departments provide free fire prevention resources for farms.
16. Use Submersible Tank Heaters Safely
Submersible tank heaters are essential for keeping livestock water from freezing, but they require careful handling:
● Buy quality heaters that are UL-approved for agricultural use, and never use cheap or household models.
● Inspect heaters regularly for frayed cords, cracks, or damage. Replace damaged units promptly.
● Use GFCI outlets to minimize the risk of electrical shock or overheating. GFCI outlets will cut power instantly if a malfunction is detected.
● Secure cords away from livestock, and inspect them frequently for signs of chewing or wear.
● Clean heaters and tanks regularly to avoid mineral buildup, which can cause overheating.
● Ensure heaters are fully submerged before turning them on, and choose models that have automatic shut-off if the water level gets too low.
Final Thoughts
Winter barn safety requires vigilance and preparation. By taking steps to maintain heaters, inspect electrical systems, and store hay safely, you can greatly reduce the risk of a barn fire. Remember, fire safety is an ongoing effort—regular inspections and good habits are key to protecting your horses and property throughout the cold months.

Tori Goldsworthy
Equestrian Property Specialist | Photographer | Blogger
Tori Goldsworthy has dedicated her life to serving the equestrian community. Based in Central Wisconsin, she is the state’s first Certified Equestrian Property Specialist, combining her educational background in Equine Science and Business Management with years of hands-on experience in the horse industry. Her passion extends beyond real estate—Tori is also the owner of Goldsworthy Equine Photography, where she captures the bond between horses and their humans. She runs a free educational blog, helping farm owners navigate the challenges of horse property ownership.
With a deep understanding of equestrian needs, Tori brings expertise, compassion, and a lifelong love of horses to everything she does.
This article is from the January issue of Equine Business Magazine
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